Low-band cell towers have a range and coverage area similar to 4G towers. Low-band 5G uses a similar frequency range to 4G cellphones, 600–900 MHz, giving download speeds a little higher than 4G: 30–250 megabits per second (Mbit/s). For providing a wide range of services, 5G networks can operate in three frequency bands – : low, medium, and high.ĥG can be implemented in low-band, mid-band or high-band millimeter-wave 24 GHz up to 54 GHz. The increased data rate is achieved partly by using additional higher-frequency radio waves in addition to the low- and medium-band frequencies used in previous cellular networks. Millimeter-wave antennas are smaller than the large antennas used in previous cellular networks. Millimeter waves also have more trouble passing through building walls. Millimeter waves have a shorter range than the lower frequency microwaves, therefore the cells are of a smaller size. Several network operators use millimeter waves called FR2 in 5G terminology, for additional capacity and higher throughputs. The industry consortium setting standards for 5G, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), defines "5G" as any system using 5G NR (5G New Radio) software - a definition that came into general use by late 2018. 5G is expected to support up to a million devices per square kilometer. As in other cellular networks, a mobile device moving from one cell to another is automatically handed off seamlessly. The base stations, termed nodes, are connected to switching centers in the telephone network and routers for Internet access by high-bandwidth optical fiber or wireless backhaul connections. All 5G wireless devices in a cell communicate by radio waves with a cellular base station via fixed antennas, over frequency channels assigned by the base station. 12.5 Wireless video transmission for broadcast applicationsĥG networks are cellular networks, in which the service area is divided into small geographical areas called cells.9.2 COVID-19 conspiracy theories and arson attacks. 6.7 NOMA (non-orthogonal multiple access).Cellphones with 4G capability alone are not able to use the new networks, which require 5G-enabled wireless devices. Due to the increased bandwidth, it is expected the networks will increasingly be used as general internet service providers (ISPs) for laptops and desktop computers, competing with existing ISPs such as cable internet, and also will make possible new applications in internet-of-things (IoT) and machine-to-machine areas. In addition to 5G being faster than existing networks, 5G has higher bandwidth and can thus connect more different devices, improving the quality of Internet services in crowded areas. The new networks have higher download speeds, eventually up to 10 gigabits per second (Gbit/s). All 5G wireless devices in a cell are connected to the Internet and telephone network by radio waves through a local antenna in the cell. Like its predecessors, 5G networks are cellular networks, in which the service area is divided into small geographical areas called cells. 5G networks are predicted to have more than 1.7 billion subscribers worldwide by 2025, according to the GSM Association. In telecommunications, 5G is the fifth-generation technology standard for broadband cellular networks, which cellular phone companies began deploying worldwide in 2019, and is the planned successor to the 4G networks which provide connectivity to most current cellphones.
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